Building Themes in a Maven Project

Liferay’s Theme Builder is a tool used to build Liferay DXP theme files in your project. You can incorporate the Theme Builder into your Maven project to generate WAR-style themes deployable to Liferay DXP. To learn more about theming in Liferay DXP, see the Themes and Layout Templates tutorial section.

The easiest way to create a Liferay theme with Maven is to create a new Maven project using Liferay’s provided Theme archetype. You can learn how to generate a Maven Theme project by visiting the Generating New Projects Using Archetypes tutorial. In some cases, however, this may not be convenient. For instance, if you have a legacy theme project and don’t want to start over, generating a new project is not ideal.

For cases like this, you should manually configure your Maven project to build a theme. You’ll learn how to do this next.

  1. Configure Liferay’s Theme Builder plugin in your project’s pom.xml file:

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>com.liferay</groupId>
                <artifactId>com.liferay.portal.tools.theme.builder</artifactId>
                <version>${com.liferay.portal.tools.theme.builder.version}</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <phase>generate-resources</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>build</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <configuration>
                            <diffsDir>${maven.war.src}</diffsDir>
                            <name>${project.artifactId}</name>
                            <outputDir>${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}</outputDir>
                            <parentDir>${project.build.directory}/deps/com.liferay.frontend.theme.styled.jar</parentDir>
                            <parentName>_styled</parentName>
                            <templateExtension>ftl</templateExtension>
                            <unstyledDir>${project.build.directory}/deps/com.liferay.frontend.theme.unstyled.jar</unstyledDir>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>
    

    The above configuration applies the Theme Builder by specifying its groupId, artifactId, and version. It then defines the Theme Builder’s execution and configuration.

    • The executions tag configures the Theme Builder to run during the generate-resources phase of your Maven project’s build lifecycle. The build goal is defined for that lifecycle phase.
    • The configuration tag defines several important properties:
      • diffsDir: The folder holding the files to copy over the parent theme.
      • name: The new theme’s name.
      • outputDir: The folder to build the theme.
      • parentDir: The parent theme’s folder.
      • parentName: The parent theme’s name.
      • templateExtension: The extension of the template files (e.g., ftl or vm).
      • unstyledDir: The unstyled theme’s folder.
  2. Apply the CSS Builder plugin, which is required to use the Theme Builder:

    <plugin>
        <groupId>com.liferay</groupId>
        <artifactId>com.liferay.css.builder</artifactId>
        <version>${com.liferay.css.builder.version}</version>
        <executions>
            <execution>
                <id>default-build</id>
                <phase>compile</phase>
                <goals>
                    <goal>build</goal>
                </goals>
            </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
            <docrootDirName>target/${project.build.finalName}</docrootDirName>
            <outputDirName>/</outputDirName>
            <portalCommonPath>target/deps/com.liferay.frontend.css.common.jar</portalCommonPath>
        </configuration>
    </plugin>
    

    You can learn more about the CSS Builder’s Maven configuration by visiting the Compiling Sass Files in a Maven Project tutorial.

  3. You can configure your project to exclude Sass files from being packaged in your theme. This is optional, but is a nice convenience to keep any unnecessary source code out of your WAR. Since the Theme Builder creates a WAR-style theme, you should apply the maven-war-plugin so it instructs the WAR file packaging process to exclude Sass files:

    <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
        <configuration>
            <packagingExcludes>**/*.scss</packagingExcludes>
        </configuration>
    </plugin>
    
  4. Insert the <packaging> tag in your project’s POM so your project is correctly packaged as a WAR file. This tag can be placed with your project’s groupId, artifactId, and version specifications like this:

    <groupId>com.liferay</groupId>
    <artifactId>com.liferay.project.templates.theme</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    
  5. Building themes requires certain dependencies. You can configure these dependenices in your project’s pom.xml as directories or JAR files. If you choose to use JARs, you must apply the maven-dependency-plugin and have it copy JAR dependencies into your project from Maven Central:

    <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
        <executions>
            <execution>
                <phase>generate-sources</phase>
                <goals>
                    <goal>copy</goal>
                </goals>
                <configuration>
                    <artifactItems>
                        <artifactItem>
                            <groupId>com.liferay</groupId>
                            <artifactId>com.liferay.frontend.css.common</artifactId>
                            <version>${com.liferay.frontend.css.common.version}</version>
                        </artifactItem>
                        <artifactItem>
                            <groupId>com.liferay</groupId>
                            <artifactId>com.liferay.frontend.theme.styled</artifactId>
                            <version>${com.liferay.frontend.theme.styled.version}</version>
                        </artifactItem>
                        <artifactItem>
                            <groupId>com.liferay</groupId>
                            <artifactId>com.liferay.frontend.theme.unstyled</artifactId>
                            <version>${com.liferay.frontend.theme.unstyled.version}</version>
                        </artifactItem>
                    </artifactItems>
                    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/deps</outputDirectory>
                    <stripVersion>true</stripVersion>
                </configuration>
            </execution>
        </executions>
    </plugin>
    

    This configuration copies the com.liferay.frontend.css.common, com.liferay.frontend.theme.styled, and com.liferay.frontend.theme.unstyled dependencies into your Maven project. Notice that you’ve set the stripVersion tag to true and you’re setting the artifact versions within each artifactItem tag. You’ll set these versions and a few other properties for your Maven project next.

  6. Configure the properties for your project in its pom.xml file:

    <properties>
        <com.liferay.css.builder.version>2.0.1</com.liferay.css.builder.version>
        <com.liferay.frontend.css.common.version>2.0.4</com.liferay.frontend.css.common.version>
        <com.liferay.frontend.theme.styled.version>2.0.28</com.liferay.frontend.theme.styled.version>
        <com.liferay.frontend.theme.unstyled.version>2.2.5</com.liferay.frontend.theme.unstyled.version>
        <com.liferay.portal.tools.theme.builder.version>1.1.4</com.liferay.portal.tools.theme.builder.version>
    </properties>
    

    The properties above set the versions for the CSS and Theme Builder plugins and their dependencies.

You’ve successfully configured your Maven project to build a Liferay theme! For info on running the Theme Builder in your Maven project, see the Theme Builder tutorial.

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