Writing Permissions Java Code

As you’ve seen, permissions in Liferay Portal are defined using a configuration file. The permissions themselves, however, must be stored in the database in order to be checked, and this means that you need to make a change to your service layer. Thankfully, Service Builder already knows you want to do this and has provided everything for you.

Once you make this change, it is a best practice to create permissions helper classes to aid you in making permissions checks. While not strictly necessary, these classes make checking permissions much more straightforward by reducing the amount of code in your JSPs.

Your next task is to modify your service layer to account for permissions.

Adding Permissions Resources to your Service Layer

In the back end, permissions are called resources. Liferay already provides a complete API for managing resources, and it’s very easy to use. If you’re using Service Builder, this API is injected into your implementation classes automatically, so all you need to do is use it. Here’s how.

  1. Open GuestbookLocalServiceImpl.java and find the addGuestbook method.

  2. Just before the last line of the method that returns the added Guestbook, add the following code:

    resourceLocalService.addResources(user.getCompanyId(), groupId, userId,
    		Guestbook.class.getName(), guestbookId, false, true, true);
    

    Notice that the resourceLocalService object is already there, ready for you to use. This is one of several utilities that are automatically injected by Service Builder. You’ll see the rest in future Learning Paths.

    This code adds a resource to Liferay’s database to correspond with your entity (notice that the guestbookId is included in the call). The three booleans at the end are settings. The first is whether to add portlet action permissions. This should only be true if the permission is for a portlet resource. Since this permission is for a model resource (an entity), it’s false. The other two are settings for adding group permissions and adding guest permissions. If you set these to true as has been done here, you’ll add the default permissions configured in the permissions configuration file that you created in the previous step. Since you definitely want to do this, these booleans are set to true.

  3. Save the file and then open EntryLocalServiceImpl.java.

  4. Add a line of code that adds resources for this entity:

    resourceLocalService.addResources(user.getCompanyId(), groupId, userId,
    		Entry.class.getName(), entryId, false, true, true);
    

    As you can see, this does the same thing for the Entry entity.

That’s all it takes to add permissions resources. Note that at this point, any entities you’ve already added to your Guestbook don’t have corresponding resources, and thus can’t be protected by permissions. It’s probably wise to delete them, which at this point, you’ll have to do via SQL commands in the database, since you haven’t implemented delete functionality in your application yet (though that’s coming). Future entities added to the database are fully permissions-enabled.

Your next task is to create permissions helper classes to make it easier to check permissions.

Creating Permissions Helper Classes

Permission checking in Liferay is a straightforward process. You have a permission, such as ADD_ENTRY, and a resource, such as a Guestbook. Determining whether a particular user has the permission to perform a particular task is a simple matter of checking whether the particular permission exists for a particular user on a particular entity. Because at a minimum you have to pass these three things to a method, it can be easier to create helper classes to handle permissions for particular models and particular entities. In fact, Liferay does it all the time, so it’s become a best practice, and we would be remiss if we didn’t cover it. For this reason, the next thing you need to do is create these helper classes so that you can use them later to make your actual permission checks.

  1. Create a package called com.liferay.docs.guestbook.service.permission. This is where you’ll place your helper classes.

  2. Create a class called GuestbookModelPermission. The usual naming convention for your model class would normally be the name of the model, but in this case the name of the model (guestbook) is also the name of a particular entity. To distinguish the model permission from the entity permission you’ll create later, this class is called GuestbookModelPermission.

  3. Place the following code in this class:

    package com.liferay.docs.guestbook.service.permission;
    
    import com.liferay.portal.kernel.exception.PortalException;
    import com.liferay.portal.security.auth.PrincipalException;
    import com.liferay.portal.security.permission.PermissionChecker;
    
    public class GuestbookModelPermission {
    
        public static final String RESOURCE_NAME = "com.liferay.docs.guestbook.model";
    
        public static void check(PermissionChecker permissionChecker, long groupId,
                String actionId) throws PortalException {
    
            if (!contains(permissionChecker, groupId, actionId)) {
                throw new PrincipalException();
            }
        }
    
        public static boolean contains(PermissionChecker permissionChecker,
                long groupId, String actionId) {
    
            return permissionChecker.hasPermission(groupId, RESOURCE_NAME, groupId,
                    actionId);
        }
    }
    

    This class defines two static methods (so you don’t have to instantiate the class) that encapsulate the model that you’re checking permissions for. This makes it easier for you to include the proper permissions check later. As you can see, Liferay’s PermissionChecker class does most of the work: all you have to do is feed it the proper resource and and action, such as ADD_ENTRY, and it can determine whether the permission exists or not.

    There are two implementations here: a check method that throws an exception if the user does not have permission, and a contains method that returns a boolean that’s true if the user has permission and false if he or she does not.

Next, you’ll do exactly the same thing for your two entities.

  1. Create a class in the same package called GuestbookPermission.java.

  2. Place the following code into this class:

    package com.liferay.docs.guestbook.service.permission;
    
    import com.liferay.docs.guestbook.model.Guestbook;
    import com.liferay.docs.guestbook.service.GuestbookLocalServiceUtil;
    import com.liferay.portal.kernel.exception.PortalException;
    import com.liferay.portal.kernel.exception.SystemException;
    import com.liferay.portal.security.auth.PrincipalException;
    import com.liferay.portal.security.permission.PermissionChecker;
    
    public class GuestbookPermission {
        public static void check(PermissionChecker permissionChecker,
                long guestbookId, String actionId) throws PortalException,
                SystemException {
    
            if (!contains(permissionChecker, guestbookId, actionId)) {
                throw new PrincipalException();
            }
        }
    
        public static boolean contains(PermissionChecker permissionChecker,
                long guestbookId, String actionId) throws PortalException,
                SystemException {
    
            Guestbook guestbook = GuestbookLocalServiceUtil
                    .getGuestbook(guestbookId);
    
            return permissionChecker
                    .hasPermission(guestbook.getGroupId(),
                            Guestbook.class.getName(), guestbook.getGuestbookId(),
                            actionId);
    
        }
    }
    

    As you can see, this class is similar to the previous class. The difference is, of course, that you supply the primary key of the entity you’re checking permissions for, which in this case is the guestbookId. You have the same two methods, one of which throws an exception if there is no permission, while the other returns a boolean denoting whether the current user has permission. Note also that you have to retrieve the entity to verify that it exists (if it doesn’t, an exception is thrown).

Your final class is almost identical to this one, except you’ll supply the primary key of the Entry entity.

  1. Create a class in the same package called EntryPermission.java.

  2. Place the following code in this class:

    package com.liferay.docs.guestbook.service.permission;
    
    import com.liferay.docs.guestbook.model.Entry;
    import com.liferay.docs.guestbook.service.EntryLocalServiceUtil;
    import com.liferay.portal.kernel.exception.PortalException;
    import com.liferay.portal.kernel.exception.SystemException;
    import com.liferay.portal.security.auth.PrincipalException;
    import com.liferay.portal.security.permission.PermissionChecker;
    
    public class EntryPermission {
        public static void check(PermissionChecker permissionChecker,
                long entryId, String actionId) throws PortalException,
                SystemException {
    
            if (!contains(permissionChecker, entryId, actionId)) {
                throw new PrincipalException();
            }
        }
    
        public static boolean contains(PermissionChecker permissionChecker,
                long entryId, String actionId) throws PortalException,
                SystemException {
    
            Entry entry = EntryLocalServiceUtil
                    .getEntry(entryId);
    
            return permissionChecker
                    .hasPermission(entry.getGroupId(),
                            Entry.class.getName(), entry.getEntryId(),
                            actionId);
    
        }
    }
    

    This class is identical to the class that handles permissions for the Guestbook entity: the only difference is that it’s for the Entry entity.

Congratulations! You’ve completed adding permissions resources to your entities, and have created Java helper classes for your permissions. The only thing you have left to do is to implement the permission checks in your user interface. That’s the topic of the next step.

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