Defining JSF Portlet Descriptors

Since JSF portlets must follow a WAR-style folder structure, they must also have WAR-style portlet descriptors.

  1. Create a portlet.xml file in the webapp/WEB-INF folder. All portlet WARs require this file. In this file, make sure to declare the following portlet class:

    <portlet>
        ...
        <portlet-class>javax.portlet.faces.GenericFacesPortlet</portlet-class>
        ...
    </portlet>
    

    The javax.portlet.faces.GenericFacesPortlet class handles invocations to your JSF portlet and makes your portlet, since it relies on Liferay Faces Bridge, easy to develop by acting as a turnkey implementation.

  2. Define a default view file as an init-param in the portlet.xml. This ensures your portlet is visible when deployed to Liferay DXP.

    <init-param>
        <name>javax.portlet.faces.defaultViewId.view</name>
        <value>/WEB-INF/views/view.xhtml</value>
    </init-param>
    

    You’ll create this view later.

    The portlet.xml file holds other important details too, like portlet info and security settings. Look at the portlet.xml file for the example Hello User JSF application.

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    
    <portlet-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/portlet/portlet-app_2_0.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/portlet/portlet-app_2_0.xsd http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/portlet/portlet-app_2_0.xsd" version="2.0">
        <portlet>
            <portlet-name>hello-user-jsf-portlet</portlet-name>
            <display-name>Hello User JSF Portlet</display-name>
            <portlet-class>javax.portlet.faces.GenericFacesPortlet</portlet-class>
            <init-param>
                <name>javax.portlet.faces.defaultViewId.view</name>
                <value>/WEB-INF/views/view.xhtml</value>
            </init-param>
            <expiration-cache>0</expiration-cache>
            <supports>
                <mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
            </supports>
            <portlet-info>
                <title>Hello User JSF Portlet</title>
                <short-title>Hello User</short-title>
                <keywords>com.liferay.hello.user.jsf.portlet</keywords>
            </portlet-info>
            <security-role-ref>
                <role-name>administrator</role-name>
            </security-role-ref>
            <security-role-ref>
                <role-name>guest</role-name>
            </security-role-ref>
            <security-role-ref>
                <role-name>power-user</role-name>
            </security-role-ref>
            <security-role-ref>
                <role-name>user</role-name>
            </security-role-ref>
        </portlet>
    </portlet-app>
    

    The above configuration sets your portlet’s various names, MIME type, expiration cache, and security roles.

  3. Create a web.xml file in your JSF application’s webapp/WEB-INF folder. The web.xml file serves as a deployment descriptor that provides necessary configurations for your JSF portlet to deploy and function in Liferay DXP. Copy the XML code below into your Hello User JSF application.

    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    
    <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0">
    
        <context-param>
            <param-name>javax.faces.PROJECT_STAGE</param-name>
            <param-value>${project.stage}</param-value>
        </context-param>
        <context-param>
            <param-name>javax.faces.WEBAPP_RESOURCES_DIRECTORY</param-name>
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/resources</param-value>
        </context-param>
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>Faces Servlet</servlet-name>
            <servlet-class>javax.faces.webapp.FacesServlet</servlet-class>
            <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
        </servlet>
        <security-constraint>
            <display-name>Prevent direct access to Facelet XHTML</display-name>
            <web-resource-collection>
                <web-resource-name>Facelet XHTML</web-resource-name>
                <url-pattern>*.xhtml</url-pattern>
            </web-resource-collection>
            <auth-constraint/>
        </security-constraint>
    </web-app>
    

    First, you set the javax.faces.PROJECT_STAGE parameter to the ${project.stage} variable, which is defined in your build file (e.g., pom.xml) as Development. When set to Development, the JSF implementation will perform the following steps at runtime:

    1. Log more verbose messages.
    2. Render tips and/or warnings in the view markup.
    3. Cause the default ExceptionHandler to display a developer-friendly error page.

    The javax.faces.WEBAPP_RESOURCES_DIRECTORY parameter sets the resources folder inside the WEB-INF folder. This setting makes the resources in that folder (e.g., CSS, JavaScript, XHTML) secure from non-JSF calls. You’ll create resources for your app later.

    The Faces Servlet configuration is required to initialize JSF and should be defined in all JSF portlets deployed to Liferay DXP.

    Finally, a security restraint is set on Facelet XHTML, which prevents direct access to XHTML files in your JSF application.

  4. Create a faces-config.xml file in your JSF application’s webapp/WEB-INF folder. The faces-config.xml descriptor is a JSF portlet’s application configuration file, which is used to register and configure objects and navigation rules. The Hello User portlet’s faces-config.xml file has the following contents:

    <?xml version="1.0"?>
    
    <faces-config version="2.2"
        xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-facesconfig_2_2.xsd"
    >
        <lifecycle>
            <phase-listener>com.liferay.faces.util.lifecycle.DebugPhaseListener</phase-listener>
        </lifecycle>
    </faces-config>
    

    Many auto-generated faces-config.xml files have the following configuration:

    <lifecycle>
        <phase-listener>com.liferay.faces.util.lifecycle.DebugPhaseListener</phase-listener>
    </lifecycle>
    

    This configures your JSF portlet to log the before/after phases of the JSF lifecycle to your console in debug mode. Remove this declaration before deploying to production.

Great! You now have a good idea of how to specify and define general descriptor files for your JSF portlet. JSF portlets also use Liferay descriptors, which you can learn more about in the Liferay Descriptors sub-section.

Now that your portlet descriptors are defined, you’ll begin working on your JSF application’s resources next.

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